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WORLD
DOSSIER Barack Obama – President of the United States of America
“This agreementmeets all ‘red lines’ we had set in the framework before we began
the final negotiations. The agreementis not built on the basis of trust, rather on
the basis of verification. The agreementis a diplomatic success of the real politics, member states of the United Nations Security Council,
which united all great world powers.”
Vladimir Putin – President of Russia
“I’m sure that the world felt relieved today. The Iran nuclear deal stipulates solid
guarantees for exclusive civilian use of Iran’s nuclear program and the deal will
have a positive impact on the overall security and stability in the Middle East.”
Donald Tusk – President of the European Council
“If it is fully implemented, the Iran nuclear agreementmay be a milestone in the re-
lations between Iran and the international community, opening the path for new
relations in the cooperation between the European Union and Iran. Geopolitically,
the agreementhas the potential to be ‘a game changer’”
72 September 2015
resolutions wherewith it imposed sanctions against Iran,
and in the end these resulted in the establishment of the
so called P5+1 group where in addition to the existing
USA, England, France, Russia and China, Germany was
also included. Later the administration of the European
Union also joined this group, which led the last negotia-
tions, and which resulted in diplomatic success and sign-
ing of the Agreement which is an action plan for demili-
tarization of Iran’s nuclear program.
CUBA
While the European Union demonstrated its power
in the real politics and diplomacy, on the other side of
the world, a bit surprisingly, the American administra-
tion led by Obama, for the first time in 50 years, waved
the American flag and opened the US Embassy in Cuba’s
capital, Havana. The renewal of the diplomatic relations
follows after the surprisingly quick warming of rela-
tions between the two countries, which both Presidents,
Barack Obama and Raul Castro announced as early as
on December 17, 2014,something that was named “Cuban
warming” in the world politics. This warming of relations
followed after two years of active negotiations, away
from the eyes of the public, whose chief patron wasPope
Francis. In a series of separate and secret meetings of
the American and the Cuban administration, which took
place on the territory of Canada and Vatican, both coun-
tries agreed on the contractual details, and during the
negotiations this was supported by activities for warm-
ing the relations by both sides, such as an exchange of
prisoners and release of dissidents. Although the main
symbol of the warmed relations is the opening of the
embassies, this agreement also stipulates revocation of
numerous restrictions, such as the limitations to trans-
fer people, products and capital. This practically ends the
many decades of embargo imposed by USA on Cuba in
1961, followed by reciprocal measures for opening of the
Cuban economy and increasing the protection of funda-
mental human rights.
As early as in the 18th century, being a Spanish colony,
Cuba developed the trade relations with Americaprima-
rily through illegal trade, and later also by opening sev-
eral harbors for the American ships. After the collapse
of the Spanish colonial rule in South America in 1820,
Cuba and Puerto Rico remained the only countries that
failed to provide independence from the Spanish rule.
In this period the American politics was under a strong
impact of the so called “Manifest Destiny”, a belief ac-
cording to which the American nation is destined to rule
and impose its views on the rest of the new continent.
Until the end of the 19th century, USA showed serious
interest in Cuba’s independence from the Spanish rule,