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WORLD
abstract and distant, the Iran nuclear deal mous support by USA and England. In this DOSSIER
is a real diplomatic milestone in the resolu- period, Iran, being an ally of the Western
According to the deal, tion of one of the long term world challeng- bloc, became part of the program “Atoms for
Iran will reduce the es that were carefully swept under the car- Peace”, through which USA for the first time
uranium stockpile by pet and which were a constant catalyst for supplied Iran with a technology and fuel for
98%, it will reduce the causing new conflicts. Briefly, it is a matter development and production of nuclear en-
number of centrifuges of an agreement whereby Iran agrees with ergy for civilian purposes. Until the Iranian
that are used for numerous changes in its nuclear program, revolution in 1979, Iran signed all relevant
uranium enrichment which mainly comprise of reduction of their agreements and protocols for limited use of
from 20.000 to slightly capacity to produce nuclear fuel and other nuclear energy and became a country that
more than 5.000, it will required elements for production of nuclear obliges not to use the nuclear fuel for mili-
transform the existing weapons, thereby retaining the capacity for tary purposes. After the Iran revolution in
plants from the nuclear production and development of nuclear en- 1979, the longtime Iran dissident came to
program in accordance ergy for civilian purposes. Hence, according power in Iran, who built his political doc-
with the international to the deal, Iran will reduce the uranium trine on anti-Western, and predominantly
norms etc. According stockpile by 98%, it will reduce the number Muslim values. In the following decade,
to the relevant expert of centrifuges that are used for uranium en- Khomeini strongly criticized the Iran nucle-
opinions, with the richment from 20.000 to slightly more than ar program and it practically disintegrated.
application of the deal, 5.000, it will transform the existing plants Despite the fact that most scientists left the
Iran will postponethe from the nuclear program in accordance country during the revolution, Iran was ad-
possibility to produce with the international norms etc. According ditionally burdened by the decade of war
a nuclear bomb forone to the relevant expert opinions, with the ap- that Iraq started soon after the revolution.
year plication of the deal, Iran will postponethe Later on, once the war with Iraq ended, Iran
possibility to produce a nuclear bomb for- renewed the nuclear program, primarily
one year. This is considered the key benefit, with huge assistance by Pakistan, and then
wherewith the Western leaders stepped out by Russia and China as well. The “Cold War”
on their domicile political stages, looking for ended at the end of the past century, howev-
ratification of the deal. Although there are er the problem with Iran’s nuclear program
numerous negative comments that often remained as a recidivism of the geopolitical
come from the right-wind political elites, games, and the existing supporters, Russia
most statesmen (more than 90) welcomed and China, although unofficially, still sup-
this historical agreement, considering it the port this geostrategic cooperation, thereby
beginning of a new chapter of the relations establishing the political Gordian Knot. Iran
between Iran and the rest of the world. In re- not only refused to limit its nuclear pro-
turn, the western world agreed to revoke the gram, butit was actively working on the pro-
sanctions which were imposed precisely be- vision of nuclear fuel, both from domestic
cause of Iran’s nuclear program, and which sources, as well as through the channels for
so far have been implemented by USA, the smuggling fuel from the African countries.
European Union and the United Nations. At the beginning of the new century, this re-
cidivism from the cold war turned into one
Back in 1953, in the seat of the United of the most serious international challenges
Nations, the US President Eisenhower held that gathered the greatest powers arounda
the controversial speech called “Atoms for green table, precisely the ones who actu-
Peace”, whereby USA, in addition to the at- ally created the problem. Things intensified
tempt to control the use of nuclear energy, in 2005, with the election of the hard-liner
began the program through which they pro- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, a President of Iran.
vided equipment and material for civil use of Ahmadinejad annulled all past protocols for
the nuclear fuel for several countries of the limitation and surveillance of Iran’s nuclear
world. This same year, as part of the external program and enforced the uranium enrich-
operations of USA and England, a military ment program, which is the basic prerequi-
coup was conducted in Iran which brought site to realize the possibility for production
to power the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of a nuclear bomb. Until 2010, the United
who will rule Iran in the following two dec- Nations Security Council adopted a series of
ades, quite autocratically and with an enor-
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