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LITERATURE

with an excessive positivity he displays     of the radical green, environmental,
the other characters, the president of the   humane and fair, altercapitalistic eco-
Republic, the famous French intellectu-      nomic policies represented by the robust
als, politicians and goatherds, however      Domecq. And on the other hand are the
he doesn’t stop to wonder why he is the      globally networked, perfectly developed
person they dedicate so much attention       capacities of the modern industrial pro-
to, why he was invited to almost save the    duction.
world, that is, the European future of
Macedonia and the Macedonian future of          The end of the novel of Luan Starova
the European goats.                          is placed as a political grotesque. He re-
                                             jects the rich ironic metaphors of the
   After he sets such meta-literary frame    sotie and cruelly, with a huge critical
of the novel, Starova continues the nar-     charge, he shakes the Macedonian politi-
rative as a kind of political autobiography  cal nonsense, the Balkan failed cohabita-
whereby the literary layer leaves room to    tion, the shortsightedness of the imma-
the political-diplomatic layer. Not deviat-  ture politicians due to which the project
ing from the ironic approach, he provides    for renewal of the goat industry and the
many details (a more extensive study re-     strong diplomatic mission ends in the
mains in order to analyze the historical     middle of the unintelligent, greedy, igno-
against the fictional elements) about the    rant, transition mobsters changed in the
political destiny of Macedonia, the un-      clothes of mellifluous businessmen. The
certainty of its international recognition   selected herd of goats, before the eyes of
and the improvement of the diplomatic        the desperate French experts and power-
relations and political friendships at Eu-   less diplomats is sold around, although it
ropean level.                                is a donation, without anyone knowing
                                             its trace.
   Following the rules of the genre sotie,
the narrator continues to pretend that he       The openness of the metaphoric end
is dull and he cannot understand why, on     in the first novel, The Time of the Goats,
the basis of his novel, an individual eco-   which announces the return of the goats
nomic project is initiated – the renewal     and which self-poetically entangles in
of goat breeding in Macedonia and devel-     the beginning of the novel continua-
opment of the goat industry – through        tion, is completely closed by the author
which the key issue about the survival of    with great intellectual resignation – the
the country should be violated, as well as   goats do not have a future in transition
its European relevance and its acceptance    Macedonia. The country gambles with
within the circle of the European people.    its historical chance. The cruelty of the
Of course, beyond the genre, the book        Stalinist system is replaced by the cynical
can also be read as a small case study in    cruelty of the transition corruption.
the field of diplomacy, particularly about
the power of cultural diplomacy and the         The stylish approach “I laugh when I
role of culture in socioeconomic develop-    feel like crying” and “It would have been
ment, issues which are in the center of      funny if it was not sad” makes the work
the current trends in culturology and cul-   readable. However, Luan Starova indi-
tural politics.                              cates strong intellectual criticism. With
                                             this novel the silent and joyful writer an-
Smart or eco capitalism?                     swers to everyone who are asking about
   In its culmination, the novel manages     the silence of the Macedonian intellec-
                                             tuals. The ignorance that this book en-
to capture the two main trends of the        countered, transfers it in the hands of
modern global economy. Through the           the immediate and the wider public. Do
characters of the two French goatherds,      we read something at all, are we working
the charismatic Andre Dekoster and Jean      on improvement of our own spirituality,
Domecq, Luan Starova skillfully displays     can we accept something more than the
the current viewpoints of world capital-     daily political comments and Facebok sta-
ism. On one hand is the new age trend        tuses?

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