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MARSHALL’S PLAN of positions in world geopolitics. This is DOSSIER
In January 1947, George Marshall re- a point that changes the political map of
the world according to which the direc-
turned from the unsuccessful mission in tions for political, economic and social de-
China, the president Henry Truman ap- velopment of the European continent are
points him US Secretary of State (similar defined, whose consequences are visible to
to Minister of External Affairs). He imme- present day. The new doctrine was trans-
diately started to implement his doctrine formed into an official US politics a month
of pragmatism before the emotion on the later when Marshall replaced the old Di-
European issue. In a short time the nego- rective 1067 from Morgenthau’s plan with
tiations between the US and the Russian the new Directive 1779 which became a ba-
administrations started for change of sis of the new Marshall plan. In the new
the doctrine in Europe and the relation- directive it is indicated that economically
ship with Germany. USA, led by Marshall stable and prosperous Germany is neces-
propose abolition of the limitations of sary for peaceful and prosperous Europe.
the German industry and provision of as- And economically and socially prosperous
sistance not only for the other European Europe is considered US state interest.
countries, however also for the industrial
and the economic development of Ger- With the European Recovery Program,
many. On the other hand, the Russians led the official name of Marshall’s plan, USA
by the Minister of External Affairs of the provides non-refundable funds in an
USSR Vyacheslav Molotov completely re- amount of 13 billion dollars (equivalent to
ject these proposals and insist on overall present day 130 billion dollars) for infra-
implementation of the penalties and the structural and industrial development of
reparations of Germany. In geopolitical the countries of the European Continent.
sense, this European economic destruc- In addition to the financial assistance, the
tion is favorable to Russia, which created plan also provided educational, expert
a fertile ground for progress of the com- and political assistance for the European
munist doctrine and certainly the Russian countries for their easier restructuring
impact on it. After the failed negotiations, to liberal capitalism. When conducting
USA and United Kingdom unilaterally will the plan, the countries obliged for mutual
undertake measures for a way out from cooperation, abolition of trade barriers,
this economic-political abyss. creation of common institutions, rules
and everything which is considered nor-
After the failed negotiations, George mal in the European continent from pres-
Marshall had already designed the new ent day aspect. Numerous trainings and
plan to rebuild Europe and had already pro- twinning programs were conducted for
vided political support for it by the admin-
istration of the President Henry Truman.
On June 5, 1947, George Marshall had a his-
torical speech before the graduates at the
Harvard University where he announced
the new position of the American politics
on the European issue. In his speech Mar-
shall, although he did not address details
from the new plan, he offered an oppor-
tunity for the European countries, if they
manage to provide common cooperation,
to resolve the open political issues and to
provide stable political development and
mutual relationship, to get a strength-
ened and unselfish support by USA which
will provide economic development. This
speech is a political turning point in the US
foreign policy followed by drastic change
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